High School Curriculum
 
English | English as a Second Language | Family and Consumer Sciences
 
Fine Arts - Art | Fine Arts - Music | Mathematics | Physical Education | Science
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
English - Required Courses

SUMMER READING

McKeesport Area High School fosters an interest in and a habit of reading. We want to encourage students to become lifelong readers and to improve their reading through reading. For these reasons, we require students to read one book over the summer and complete an accompanying assignment that is due on the first day of the upcoming school year. Furthermore, a comprehensive test on the summer reading selection is administered on the first day of the upcoming school year, and students are advised to be prepared.

The following courses require a summer reading assignment:
English 9, Honors English 9, English 10, Honors English 10, English 11, AP Language and Composition, English 12, and AP Literature and Composition.

Note: Students may obtain the summer reading selections and assignments from their current English teachers. Copies will be made available during the summer at the High School Admission Desk. All students must complete a summer reading assignment.
 
 

ENGLISH 9
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week

From Homer's The Odyssey to Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, this course introduces the student to the significant works associated with all aspects of literature. In addition, communication skills are some of the most important skills needed to function in today's society. English 9 emphasizes four basic areas: reading, listening, writing, and speaking. The study of grammar and usage is integrated into all areas of communication. This course emphasizes multi-paragraph writing, interpretation of literature, and experiences in speaking and listening. Moreover, English 9 provides creative and critical thinking experiences. Summer reading is a requirement for this course. These materials will be distibuted in May at Founders' Hall and will be available at the high school campus.
 
 

HONORS ENGLISH 9
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Successful completion of 8th Grade Reading and Language Arts, 8th Grade Teacher Recommendation (all students must have obtained a 90% or higher yearly average in 8th Grade Reading and Language Arts). This course is available for Freshmen only.

From Homer's The Odyssey to Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet, this course introduces the student to the significant works associated with all aspects of literature. In addition, communication skills are some of the most important skills needed to function in today's society. Honors English 9 contains all the skills and content of English 9 but is more intensive, requiring more writing, reading, research, and enrichment experiences. Literary works cover a range of types and topics suggested by the teacher. This course is designed to provide the student with experiences that encourage the development of superior thinking, which include fluency, originality, and elaboration. In-depth reading of all literary genre and literary analysis are emphasized. The writing experiences are designed to give the student opportunities to master the skills of formal written English. This course requires higher levels of thinking and performance. Summer reading is a requirement for this course. These materials will be distributed in May at Founders' Hall and will be available at the high school campus.
 
 

ENGLISH 10
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Successful completion of English 9 or Honors English 9.

From the works of Amy Tan to Alford, Lord Tennyson, this course introduces the student to the significant works associated with all aspects of literature. English 10 is designed to give the student a broad understanding of the various literary genres and to improve basic language arts skills. Students will read, discuss, and investigate selected literary works, which will promote thinking, discussion, and wriring. They will improve grammar, spelling, vocabulary, dictionary, and literary skills. The students will write a multi-paragraph research paper, along with several short themes that are expository, descriptive, narrative or persuasive in nature. Summer reading is a requirement for this course. See the teacher in the spring for a list.
 
 

HONORS ENGLISH 10
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Successful completion of English 9 or Honors English 9, Teacher Recommendation (all students must have obtained a 90% or higher yearly average in English 9 or Honors English 9). This course is available for Sophomores only.

From the works of Amy Tan to Alford, Lord Tennyson, Honors English 10 is designed to give the student a broad understanding of the various literary genres and to improve basic language arts skills. Honors English 10 will contain more intense reading and research experiences as well as more written themes than the English 10 course. Reading, discussing, and investigating a variety of selected literary works will improve and refine the student's use of grammar, spelling, vocabulary, dictionary, research, literary, and analysis skills. The student will master the skills of formal English through a variety of these written and oral experiences. Summer reading is a requirement for this course. See the teacher in the spring for a list.
 
 

ENGLISH 11
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Successful completion of English 10 or Honors English 10.

From the works of Benjamin Franklin to Langston Hughes, English 11 is a survey course of study at the high school level, tracing the heritage of American writing from the Puritan influences through the Age of Modern Realism. The course includes examples of Native American writings and genre selections representative of major American writers from each age of philosophy. Summer reading is a requirement for this course. See the teacher in the spring for a list.

 
 

ADVANCED LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Successfully completed English 10 or Honors English 10 (all students must have obtained a 90% or higher yearly average in English 10 or Honors English 10). This course is available for juniors only.

This challlenging course concentrates on improving and refining students' writing skills through the vehicle of an in-depth study of classic American literature. Selections read will be representative of various movements and themes, which include the works from the Puritan Era to the Modern Era. Emphasis is on the critical analysis of the outstanding works of American literature and American heritage. Written themes, both creative and analytical, will be required. Students will also prepare for the College Board AP exam with extensive grammar and writing practices. Summer reading is a requirement for this course. See the teacher in the spring for the list. This is an advanced level 110 course.

 
 

ENGLISH 12
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Successful completion of English 11 or AP Language and Composition.

From Beowulf to Pygmalion, this course introduces the student to the signficant works associated with Great Britain. It follows the British tradition through the ages, language changes, and the events that brought about those changes. This survey course emphasizes the works of Chaucer and Shakespeare. A selected English novel will be read followed by a critical evaluation of the work. This course emphasizes the skills of reading, thinking, writing, listening, researching and speaking as the student prepares for college. Summer reading is a requirement for this course. See the teacher in the spring for a list.
 
 

AP LITERATURE AND COMPOSITION
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Successful completion of English 11 or AP Language and Composition, Teacher Recommendation (all students must have had a 90% yearly average in their previous English Class). This course is available for seniors only.

This advanced placement course acquaints students with literary classics from Homer's The Odyssey to Dante's The Infermo. This course traces the growth and changes within genre against an historical background. Emphasis is placed on analysis and interpretation of the literary genre assigned. Verbal and written responses are montored for critical thinking skills. Summer reading is a requirement for this course. See the teacher in the spring for a list. This is an advanced level 110 course.
 
 
English - Required Elective

LINGUISTICS
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Standardized Test and Teacher Recommendation

This class is a supplemental English course required for students that are reading below grade level. Placement and book level for this course will be determined through standardized testing and/or teacher recommendation.
 
 
English - Electives

ADVANCED COMPOSITION
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Successful completion of Honors English 10 or English 10 and Teacher Recommendation

This course is specifically intended to teach introductory college writing. Students will engage in discussions with classmates and the instructor regarding the various aspects of writing, e.g., the craft, structure, and the elements of style (syntax, figurative language, tone, symbolism and mechanics) and the social/historical values and the themes implicit in the text read. Furthermore, there will be extensive focus on the development of the research paper.
 
 

ADVANCED SPEECH 1
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Speech and Teacher Recommendation (successfully completed or currently enrolled in).

In the Advanced Speech 1 course, students will participate in classroom assignments which are designed to improve the speaking, writing, and research techniques and skills presented in the Speech course.  The course focuses on refining the communication process, improving rhetorical skills, and expanding expertise in preparation and presentation.  In addition to the classroom work, the student will also take part in interscholastic speaking competitions and the annual Children's Play production.
 
 

ADVANCED SPEECH 2
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Advanced Speech 1 and Teacher Recommendation.

In the Advanced Speech 2 course, students will participate in classroom assignments that are designed to refine the speaking, writing, and research techniques and skills presented in the Advanced Speech 1 course.  The students will also take part in interscholastic speaking competitions and the annual Children's Play production.
 
 

CREATIVE WRITING
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Succesfful completion of English 9 or Honors English 9, teacher recommendation and passing grade.

Creative Writing emphasizes writing as a process which encourages growth in every student's creative potential.  The assignments will emphasize writing techniques, word choice, style, and self-expression.  Frequent classroom activities encourage creativity through a variety of prewriting skills.  Lectures are limited and students do most of their writing in class.  Students share their writing with peers, conferencing, editing, and publishing.  A variety of literary genres is experienced.
 
 

FICTION WRITING
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Successful completion of Creative Writing.

This course is offered to juniors and seniors who have successfully completed Creative Writing. The course will focus on different fiction genres and the elements of fiction writing. During the semester, students will be expected to choose a genre, study its elements, read a book in the genre, and write a short story in the genre's elements.
 
 

INTRO TO THEATER ARTS
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite:  Successful completion of English 9 or Honors English 9.

Introductory Theater Arts is designed to introduce the student to the world of Theater.  A series of exercises and activities begins with relaxation techniques, body movements, pantomime, vocal expression, and diction.  The exercises and activities progress into more complex areas of breath control, improvisation, theater history, script analysis, monologue, and scene study.  The goal of the course is to lead the student through the various stages of production.  Theater etiquette is emphasized as the student learns how to move from the page to the stage.
 
 

JOURNALISM
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Successful completion of English 10 or Honors English 10.

This course introduces a student to Journalism and develops the student's ability to be an effective writer, reader, and viewer.  The student will study ethics and press law; the structure and elements of news; news, feature, sports, editorial, and headline writing; editing and copy reading procedures; the technical production of electronic graphics of page design and layout.  This course emphasizes communication, critical thinking, ethics, human relations, personal growth, and technology.  The focus will be on the four communication skills of writing, reading, speaking, and listening.
 
 

MULTI-CULTURAL LITERATURE
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week

This course will explore the literature of such groups as African Americans, Asian Americans, Hispanic Americans, and Native Americans with an emphasis on reading improvement. Multi-cultural literature and the themes that exist beyond the boundaries of ethnicity and culture will be examined. Students will be required to read, discuss, and analyze literature as well as complete several types of writing and projects relating to the course readings.
 
 

SHORT STORY
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Successful completion of English 9 or Honors English 9.

In this course, students will investigate how events in history influenced past and contemporary authors whose ideas and attitudes are revealed through the key elements of the short story (a piece of narrative prose fiction).  Students will write a complete short story containing all the short story elements as well as critical analysis.
 
 

SPEECH
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Teacher Recommendation.

More and more emphasis in our society is being placed on the spoken word.  In the Speech course emphasis is given to the research, writing, and delivery of the message through the use of voice and action.  It is constructed to familiarize the student with the basic skills in public speaking and provides interesting, challenging, and worthwhile speech situations.  The assignments will enhance speaking vocabulary, improve voice and articulation, develop poise and confidence, develop research skills, stress the importance of clarity and effectiveness in writing, and encourage an appreciation and understanding of another person's ideas.
 
 

THEATER ARTS
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Introduction to Theater Arts.

Theater Arts is an advanced course that is largely performance-based to teach the craft of acting.  Included in this curriculum will be intense study of character and script analysis.  Primary focuses will be performances of monologues and scene study.  Areas of technical theater will be introduced and explored.  A major research project pertaining to either theater history or technical theater will be required for completion of the course.
 
 
YOUNG ADULT LITERATURE
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week

Young Adult Literature is a course designed for students who enjoy choosing and reading fiction and non-fiction selections based on personal interest and generational issues. The choices will include opportunities to introduce innovative reading, writing, and discussion strategies which contribute to success in any English course or standardized test, such as the PSSA. Students of any reading level can be successful in Young Adult Literature since the reading choices and instruction are tailored to an individual's general reading level.
 
 
English as a Second Language
(click here for information)
 
 
Family and Consumer Sciences
CHILD DEVELOPMENT
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week

Child development is a performance based course designed for those students who have a serious interest in studying the physical, social, emotional, and intellectual development of the child from birth through adolescence.  Opportunities are provided for both observing and participating in the preschool and day care center. Grades 10, 11, and 12.
 
 
COOKING
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week

Cooking is a performance based consumer oriented nutrition class which addresses the development of consumer skills needed by students when making sound nutritional choices.  This course is designed to provide students with hands-on experiences in meal planning, budgeting, consumerism, food preparation techniques, and career opportunities.  The curriculum includes discussion, resource materials, demonstrations, laboratory experiences, audio-visual presentations, field trips, and community involvement. Grades 10, 11, and 12.
 
 
FAMILY LIFE
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week

Family Life helps students recognize the transformation of the family today and its impact on building a foundation for a strong society.  This course is designed to provide students with hands-on experience and real life situations.  Special emphasis is placed on building positive relationships and managing resources needed in striving toward independence. The curriculum includes discussion, resource materials, demonstrations, audio-visual presentations, field trips, and real-life classroom experiences. Grades 10, 11, and 12.
 
 
Fine Arts - Art
ACADEMY ART
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement: Fundamentals of Art and two other art electives, an 85% grade point average or above in the art classes and techer recommendation.

This course is designed for the responsible and involved art student who has shown a sincere interest in art.  One semester will emphasize traditional two dimensional media involving experiences with drawing, painting, and printmaking.  One semester will concentrate in three dimensional media including paper, paper mache, wood, plaster, or clay.
 
FUNDAMENTALS OF ART
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week

For the student who is beginning the study of art. A variety of media and principles of design may be used.
 
 
CERAMICS
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Successfully complete Fundamentals of Art and either Drawing or Painting.

In this class, the student will be introduced to techniques and methods of clay construction.  The student will explore handbuilding, the potter's wheel, and glazing.
 
 
DRAWING
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Successfully completed Fundamentals of Art.

For students confident with their drawing ability, this course offers an opportunity to practice and improve their skills.  Students will work with various media and techniques while exploring artists and their styles.
 
 
PAINTING
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Successfully completed Fundamentals of Art.

This course is for the student who has demonstrated skill and interest in painting.  The student will work with a variety of media and techniques and several subjects as well as art history will be explored.
 
 
PRINTMAKING
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Successfully completed Fundamentals of Art and Drawing with an 80% grade point average or above in each.

This course offers the opportunity for the student to expand his/her drawing skills by working with various printing techniques and materials.  The students will produce impressions of inked designs by block printing, etching, stamping, silk-screening, and other printing methods.
 
 
Fine Arts - Music
A CAPPELLA CHOIR*
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Audition only for 10th, 11th, and 12th grades.

A Cappella Choir is a mixed choral group selected by audition.  Formal choral experience is required.  The group performs a wide variety of choral literature (primarily unaccompanied), including show tunes, folk tunes, spirituals and standards, sacred and secular music.  The group performs in concerts.  

*Participation in performance is mandatory.
 
 
CONCERT CHOIR*
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  No formal training necessary.

Concert Choir is a choral experience for singers in grades 10 through 12. Repertoire is based on folk and popular show tunes and standard literature. The group performs December, mid-winter and spring concerts.

*Participation in performance is mandatory.
 
 
MIXED ENSEMBLE*
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Audition only for 11th and 12th graders.

Mixed Ensemble is a small mixed choral group selected by audition.  Formal choral experience is required.  The group performs a wide variety of choral literature including popular music, show tunes, madrigals, folk tunes, sacred and secular music.  The group performs December, mid-winter, and spring as well as graduation concerts and at community events.  

*Participation in performance is mandatory.
 
MUSIC APPRECIATION
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Successful completion of Music Theory 1.

Student will study various musical styles, including American and World Music, musical theater, film music, pop, and jazz. The cultural and social aspects of music will be examined as well as the influence of advancing technology of the music industry.
 
 
MUSIC THEORY 1
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  11th and 12th graders only.  Teacher Recommendation.

This course is designed for the serious student interested in an in-depth study of musical concepts.  The course will focus on scale and chord structure, interval relationships, and ear training.
 
 
MUSIC THEORY 2
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Successful completion of Music Theory 1.

This course is a continuation of Music Theory 1.  Emphasis will be placed on melodic and rhythmic dictation in addition to a more detailed exploration of concepts examined in the first year.  Students may have the opportunity to experience music composition.
 
 
NINTH GRADE CHORUS*
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Basic knowledge of music skills and symbols.  Eighth grade Teacher recommendation and audition.

Freshman Chorus is an opportunity to sing mixed choral arrangements of various types of choral music including popular music, show tunes, folk tunes, spiritual and standard music literature.  Admission through audition, although no formal experience is required.  

*Participation in performance is mandatory.
 
 
ORCHESTRA (STRINGS)*
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Audition only.

The orchestra performs overtures, suites, symphonies and other major musical works by composers from the 17th through the 20th centuries.  Fundamentals and advanced techniques are stressed through detailed rehearsals.  In addition to formal winter and spring concerts, the orchestra participates in community and charity events.

*Participation in performance is mandatory.
 
 
MARCHING/SYMPHONIC BAND*
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Audition only.

This band functions as Marching Band for the first twelve weeks of the school year. The students participate in all football games, several competitions, parades, and other community and school events. Emphasis is placed on excellence in music performance and field drill execution. Students who participate in Marching Band are eligible to perform with various small ensembles offered throughout the school year.

Symphonic Band rehearsals begin in early November in preparation for the Holiday Concert. Students continue the study of high quality band liteature throughout the school year in preparation for the Winter Concert, the Senior Recognition Concert, and Graduation.

*Participation in performance is mandatory.
 
 
THE EVOLUTION OF JAZZ
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week

Learn about the varied and vibrant music called JAZZ. The class is a comprehensive guide to the history, music, musicians, and instruments that make up the unique musical genre. Included are the international origins of jazz, the historical perspective and factors that influenced its development and a variety of listening material to enhance understanding.
 
 
JAZZ BAND
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Audition only - must be a member of the Marching Band.

This class is for the student musicians interested in learning and performing Jazz. The musical selections include Jazz, Swing, Dixieland and various other styles of music relating to Jazz study. Class participation is by audition only and students must be a member of the Marching Band.
 
 
WORLD DRUMMING
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week

World Drumming is for students interested in learning drumming techniques from Africa, Latin, and South America. The course offers information on musical and cultural traditions and connects them to art, history, social studies, and geography. Students will participate in rhythmic drumming in a cooperative setting that requires teamwork, listening, and respect for others.
 
 
Mathematics

ALGEBRA 1
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Pre-Algebra; Minimum grade 80%; Teacher Recommendation.

This course is designed to prepare a student for higher level mathematics.  It contains a review of the real number system followed by units on solving linear equations in one variable, operations with polynomials, exponential properties, factoring polynomials, solving second degree equations and rational equations.  The student will also be expected to solve linear equations in two variables, graph linear equations and work with operations dealing with square roots.  Emphasis will be placed on critical thinking in the classroom.
 
 

ALGEBRA 2
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Algebra I and Geometry; minimum grade 70%; Teacher Recommendation.

Algebra 2 reviews and strengthens the skills learned in Algebra I.  The course introduces the solutions of systems of equations in more than one variable, quadratics, operations with rational and irrational expressions, complex numbers, exponents, and logarithms.  The concepts of relations and functions are introduced along with the use of the function notation.  Also to be introduced will be matrices, determinants, and parabolas.
 
 

ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Algebra 2 and Geometry; minimum grade 80%; working knowledge of Trigonometry; Teacher recommendation.

This course is designed to prepare students for the study of calculus and linear algebra.  Included is a study of the algebra and geometry of two-dimensional vectors, a topic new to many students.  Vector methods are then used in developing the concepts and techniques of analytic geometry.  An understanding of the traditional Cartesian methods, however, is still important to students, and is included in tandem with the vector approach.  This course, as presented, gives students an opportunity to see how two apparently diverse branches of mathematics are, in reality, closely related, and to appreciate the value of having more than one method available for solving a given problem.
 
 
CALCULUS
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Trigonometry; minimum grade 80%; teacher recommendation; suggested course: College Algebra.

This course is designed for the college bound senior.  It includes the study of coordinate geometry, functions, and limits.  Special emphasis is given to differentiation and integration of algebraic, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions.  Applications of all topics are emphasized throughout the course.  The content of this course is very similar to the content of Analytic Geometry and Calculus 1 (Math 0220) as offered at the University of Pittsburgh.  A graphing calculator is required for this course.  This course may be taken for college credit through the University of Pittsburgh by paying the appropriate tuition.  The anticipated fee for those choosing to take the course for college credit is $125.  Four college credits may be earned if the tuition is paid.
 
 
COLLEGE ALGEBRA
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Algebra 2; minimum grade 75%.

Introduction to College Algebra reviews the fundamentals of Algebra 2.  Linear functions, quadratic functions, polynomial functions, and rational functions are studied with emphasis on graphing.  Additional topics include radicals, complex numbers, composite functions, inverse functions, exponential functions, and logarithmic functions. 
 
 

CUHS COLLEGE ALGEBRA
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Satisfactory completion of Algebra 2 with a final grade of 80% or higher; Teacher Recommendation.

The dual enrollment course in CUHS College Algebra at McKeesport Area High School is designed to give the student the knowledge and experience necessary to simplify, evaluate, set-up, and solve problems utilizing the principles of algebra. The course is geared toward the upper level student who will require the knowledge in college and in their life's work. CUHS College Algebra is taught with the rigor of a college level class and the requirements for passing grade are set at the college level.

Topics that are introduced in this course are the fundamental concepts of algebra, equations and inqualities, functions and their graphs, polynomial and rational functions with their graphs, and systems of linear equations and inqualities.
 
 
PERSONAL AND BUSINESS FINANCE
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week

In today's highly technical and competitive society, students need to learn the skills necessary to manage their personal finances; the proficiency becomes crucial as students leave high school and begin to establish lives of their own. This course will empower students to make educated financial choices.
 
 
PLANE GEOMETRY
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Algebra 1; minimum grade 70%; Teacher Recommendation.

In this course the student will learn to define terms, read symbols and diagrams.  Although rigorous proofs will not be stressed, two column proofs will be written involving perpendicular lines, parallel lines, congruent and right triangles, similar polygons and circles.  Also covered will be problem solving using the Pythagorean theorem, trigonometric ratios, perimeter, area, and volume.
 
 
PROBABILITY & STATISTICS
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Algebra 1; minimum grade 80%; Teacher Recommendation.

This course is designed to enable students to be wiser users and more critical consumers of statistical material.  Students who may eventually enter such fields as economics, business, education, psychology, sociology, and medicine are greatly encouraged to enroll in this course.  Upon successful completion of this course, students have gained a basic understanding of both statistics and probability so that the pursuit of a college level course will not be extremely difficult.  This course includes compilation and interpretation of numerical data, frequent distributions, measures of central tendency and dispersions, and basic rules of probability and their applications.  The use of a scientific calculator is essential for this course.
 
 

TRIGONOMETRY
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Presently enrolled in Algebra 2; minimum grade 80%; Teacher Recommendation.

The goal is to provide a comprehensive course with a balanced coverage of the theory and skills together with the applications needed to build a strong foundation for more advanced mathematical courses.  The course is designed for students who have a strong working knowledge of Algebra and Plane Geometry.  A scientific calculator is very helpful in this course.  The course is a must for those taking Calculus.
 
 
Physical Education and Health
HEALTH WELLNESS AND FITNESS
one semester
5 periods/week

Wellness and fitness is a course that deals with personal and community health, fitness and safety.  The course is divided into wellness and fitness.  In wellness, students will study nutrition, dietary disorders, and mental and social well being.  Also, safety, disease prevention, and the effects of substance abuse will be studied.  This course is required for graduation.
 
 
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
one semester
5 periods/week

Team Sports:  Basketball, Flag Football, Floor Hockey, Soccer, Softball, Volleyball
This program is designed for students who have some knowledge and limited skills in team sports.  The student will be instructed in the basic skills for each activity.  The student will receive an introduction to rules and playing strategy for each game.  Students will participate in a game situation.  Sportsmanship and safety will be stressed.  The value of recreational play and wellness will be reinforced.

Individual Program:  Aerobics, Fitness Running, Weight Training
This program is designed to promote wellness and fitness through weight training and cardiovascular programs.  Individual programs will be utilized for weight training and cardiovascular workouts.  Fitness tests will be given periodically to assess individual fitness levels.  Students will be introduced to weight training techniques and weight room safety.  Students will learn to develop cardiovascular fitness through varied aerobic workouts and running activities.
 
 
SWIMMING
one semester
5 periods/week

Swimming:  Basic strokes, water safety, simple rescue techniques.

Swimming will no longer be a required subject, but knowing how to swim will be required for graduation.  Students will be taking a swimming assessment in 9th grade gym class, and those not passing will be required to sign up for swimming in order to learn.  Students will be able to select swimming as an elective during the 10th, 11th, and 12th grade, even if they have taken it before.  The swim course will satisfy the physical education requirement.
 
 
SWIMMING CLASS (ADVANCED)
one semester
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Students must have taken Swimming class and received an "A" grade, or have a Teacher recommendation.  This class is only available to Juniors and Seniors.

This class is designed for the excellent swimmer.  The class is based on the American Red Cross Lifeguard Certification course.  Each candidate will have an opportunity to pre-test for an American Red Cross Lifeguard Certification.  

ARC Course Prerequisite:  500 meter swim (20 lengths of the pool) and a brick retrieval test.

Successful completion of the pre-test will allow each candidate to complete the ARC Course for Lifeguard Certification for a minimal cost.  This class will also satisfy the physical education requirement.
 
 
Science
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Applied Biology, Biology 1, or Honors Biology.

Anatomy and Physiology is a course designed to acquaint the high school student with the structure and function of the human body.  The course begins at the cellular level with a review of the cell and their functions.  The student progresses to cellular division with an in-depth study of DNA fingerprinting using Gel Electrophoresis and karyotyping.  Extensive study of tissues included the types, functions and locations in the body.  The final phase of the course is a study of each of the eleven systems.  Activities, labs, research paper, and guest presenters help the student achieve a better understanding of the human body.
 
 
AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Biology 1/Lab; Chemistry 1/Lab and Algebra (Seniors and Juniors only). This is an advanced 110 course.

The AP Environmental Science Course is designed to provide students with the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies required to understand the interrelationships of the natural world. Students will learn to identify and analyze both natural and man-made environmental problems and to evaluate the relative risks associated with these problems. Students will examine alternative solutions for resolving and/or preventing them. Students will have the option to receive college credit for the course but will be required to take the Advanced Placement Test in May. (Summer assignments are a requirement for this course.)
 
 
APPLIED BIOLOGY
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Basic Math Skills and Understanding of Metric System.

The highly motivational program in Biology and Biotechnology integrates science and technology with key elements of the human system.  This program focuses on two primary study areas:  (1) a knowledge and understanding of the basic concepts of biology, (2) an understanding of the human body and its associated life processes with an emphasis on health awareness.  A wide variety of instruments and computers are used to physically demonstrate everyday applications of biology, biochemistry, biophysics, ecology, and health related subjects.  This course is designed as a minimum requirement for students planning for post secondary study in an associate degree program.  It may also serve as a final course in biology.
 
 
APPLIED CHEMISTRY
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Passed Algebra 1.

This course prepares students for entrance into an associate degree program and for future employment as a technician in industry or in a medical field.  It may also serve as a terminal chemistry course.  The focus is on the application of scientific concepts through traditional classroom instruction, laboratory demonstrations and selected laboratory experiments that can be safely accomplished in one class period.  The course is designed to provide the student with basic knowledge in the following concepts:  The Scientific Method, Mathematical Measurements and Conversions in the following areas:  Matter and Energy, Atomic Structure, Chemical Nomenclature, Formulas, The Periodic Table and Periodicity, Chemical Bonding, The Gas Laws, Solution Chemistry, and Nuclear and Environmental Chemistry.
 
 
APPLIED PHYSICS
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Passed Algebra 1.

Applied Physics is a course of science that has a more "hands-on" approach to practical physics.  The course deals with the study of motion, force, heat, simple machines, electricity, energy, and scientific calculations.  The class is used to show (through labs, lecture, and related projects) how physics is related to the real world.
 
 
BIOLOGY 1 WITH LAB
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Passed or currently enrolled in Algebra 1. Must have 85% grade point or above average.

Biology is the study of the living world and how organisms interact with their environment.  The course offers a focus on biological concepts through inquiry based investigations and weekly laboratory experiments reinforcing the content. The course is designed to provide the student with basic biological concept: the scientific method, ecosystems, biochemistry, cell biology, heredity, evolution, classification and microbiology. This course prepares the student for the Science PSSA and the entrance into a four year college.
 
 
BIOTECHNOLOGY WITH LAB
full year
1 credit
7 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Biology 1/Lab or Honors Biolgoy with grade averge of 80% or above; Chemistry 1/Lab; Teacher Recommendation.

This is an advanced academic/technology course designed to introduce the basic and intermediate concepts of Biotechnology through classroom instruction and a variety of laboratory activities and investigations as well as contact with professionals involved in biotechnology careers and field trips to biotechnology facilities. The course, as planned, would expand the students' knowledge and skills beyond Biology 1 and Chemistry 1 into the areas of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry as they would apply to Biotechnology with a focus in DNA Science. Major topics for a detailed investigation will include: DNA, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Marcromolecules, Tissue Engineering, Forensics, Gene Therapy, Molecular Diagnostics, Plant Biotechnology, Bioengineering, Stem Cell Research, Nanobiotechnology, careers in Biotechnology and Bioethics. This course is recommended for the serious student who seeks a career in a Biotechnology related field. Currently, Biotechnology is one of the fastest developing fields in science and one that is expected to be an ongoing economic engine that will provide numerous employment opportunities to those who are prepared through the proper training and education. Science fair project is mandatory.
 
 
CHEMISTRY 1 WITH LAB
full year
1 credit
6 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Passed Algebra 1.

This course prepares students for entrance into a four year college program for enrollment in science and engineering fields.  The focus is on the application of scientific concepts through traditional classroom instruction and weekly laboratory experiments reinforcing classroom materials.  The course is designed to provide the student with basic knowledge and mathematical skills involving differential analysis (the solving of problems using units as a guide) in the following concepts:  the scientific method stoichiometry, matter and energy, atomic structure, electronic structure and molecular geometry, chemical nomenclature, formulas, the periodic table and periodicity, chemical bonding and the gas laws.
 
 
HONORS CHEMISTRY WITH LAB
full year
1 credit
6 periods/week

This is a course that is geared to those students who have a desire to pursue a career in science or for those students who like to move at a faster pace. The course will cover all the topics of Chemistry 1 with Lab and more. A summer assignment will be a requirement of the class, as well as participation in the school sponsored science fair. It is essential that the student has a strong mathematical background. The successful student must have completed or is presently taking Algebra 2. A graphing or TI-30XIIS calculator is needed for class.
 
 
CHEMISTRY 2 WITH LAB
full year
1 credit
7 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Chemistry 1 with 90% grade point average; Teacher Recommendation.

This course is a second course in chemistry that allows students to obtain an in depth understanding of fundamental chemistry topics such as the quantum mechanics, concept of atom and chemical bonding, structure of matter, chemical equilibrium, kinetic theory of gases, chemical kinetic, basic concepts of thermodynamics, and modern theory of acid-base interactions in liquid and solid states. An essential part of the course is the involvement of the student to work on projects with the emphasis on conducting research to get insights into specific chemical phenomena. The laboratory activities are a series of inquiry-based problems of which requires conducting chemical experiments and analyses of the results utilizing different chemical concepts. This course contributes to the development of the students' ability to think clearly and critically and to express their ideas on writing with clarity and logic. This course is recommended for advanced college-bound students planning on a career in science, enginering, medicine, or related technical fields.
 
 

HONORS BIOLOGY WITH LAB
full year
1 credit
6 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  A 90% grade point average or above in science; successful completion of or currently enrolled in Algebra 1.

Biology is the science that seeks to understand, explain and even control the living world by observing, asking questions and forming hypotheses that can be tested by experimentation. The course offers a focus on biological concepts through inquiry based investigations and weekly laboratory experiments reinforcing the content. Honors Biology is taught in a series of themes grouped in eight important areas: the scientific method, ecosystems, biochemistry, cell biology, heredity, evolution, classification, and microbiology. The student will be enriched through special laboratory investigations, field trips, and mandatory science fair project. This course prepares the student for the Science PSSA and entrance into a four year college.
 
 
INTEGRATED SCIENCE
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week

Integrated Science will incorporate two of the four major sciences. In the first semester, Physics will be instructed. Some of the components of Physics include matter and motion, forces and motion, and forces in fluids. In the second semester, Earth Science will be the subject at hand. The topics discussed will be the composition of earth, surface processes on earth, the atmosphere, plate tectonics, volcanoes, earthquakes, and resources and the environment.
 
 
HONORS INTEGRATED SCIENCE
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement: A 90% or above in 8th grade science, must have teacher recommendation.

Honors Integrated Science will incorporate two of the four major sciences. In the first semester, Physics will be instructed. Some of the components of Physics include matter and motion (velocity, acceleration, friction, gravity), forces and motion (acceleration due to gravity, termianl velocity, Newton's Laws of Motion, momentum), and forces in fluids (Archimede's Principle, Bernoulli's Principle, Buoyant Force). In the second semester, Earth Science will be the subject at hand. The topics discussed will be mapping, minerals, igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, metamorphic rocks, weathering, erosion, soil, meteorology, plate tectonics, volcanoes, earthquakes, and energy sources. Science fair project is mandatory.
 
 
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Chemistry 1 and a 90% grade point average; Teacher Recommendation.

This course is designed to introduce students to the realm of organic chemistry and its role in everyday life. Different classes of organic compounds are compared and contrasted throughout the course. Special emphasis is placed on chemical bonding in organic molecules, their structure and geometric shape, selected types of reaction mechanisms, and theory of organic compound reactivity. This course is an introduction to college couses of organic and physical chemistry. This course contributes to the development of the students' ability to think critically and to express their ideas in writing with clarity and logic. The course is recommended for advanced college-bound students planning on a career in science, engineering, pharmaceutics, and medicine.
 
 
PHYSICS 1 WITH LAB
full year
1 credit
6 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Passed Algebra, and a "70%" or better in Geometry.

Physics is the study of how items in our world work.  The course deals with the study of motion, force, vectors, simple machines, energy, wave motion, and scientific calculations. The class is used to demonstrate how physics is related to the real world through inquiry, investigations, labs, lectures/demonstrations, and related long and short term projects. The focus of the class calculations are algebra based.
 
 
PHYSICS 2 WITH LAB
full year
1 credit
7 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Grade of "80%" or better in Physics 1 or currently enrolled or 80% grade point average or above in Trigonometry.

This course is an advanced continuation of Physics 1. The course covers the principals of density, fluids, simple harmonic motion, rotational motion, light, mirrors and lenses, waves and sound, electricity, magnetism, relativity, and modern physics. The class demonstrates the theory of these principals through lecture and inquiry based activities. Lab demonstrations as well as long and short term projects relate to real world applications. Physics 2 is recommended to students that plan to major in physics, engineering, or other related scientific fields. The majority of calculations are algebra-based with trigonometry and calculus applications.
 
 
Social Studies
ADVANCED PLACEMENT EUROPEAN HISTORY
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Seniors and Juniors (with special permission).

Advanced Placement European History is offered to seniors and to those juniors who apply for special permission.  This course allows for a more in-depth study of the Renaissance Period through post World War II Europe.  Religion, politics, economics, and social problems are analyzed as interactive forces in the development of European History and the effect upon the World's development in civilization  A great deal of emphasis is placed on research, class discussion, note-taking, and writing.  For a small fee, students will also be given the opportunity to take the Advanced Placement test and could qualify for college credit.  The test is given each May.
 
 
ADVANCED PLACEMENT GOVERNMENT AND POLITICS
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Seniors and Juniors (with special permission).

This course is designed to give students an analytical perspective on government and politics in the United States. It will meet the audit requirements of the College Board AP Central. The course will include an intense analysis of the Constitution, the study of general concepts used to interpret U.S. politics, and the evaluation of specific examples. It requires students to become familiar with various institutions, groups, beliefs, and ideas that constitute U.S. politics. For all intents and purposes, the course will be taught on a college level with a goal for students, if they choose to take the Advanced Placement College Board at the end of the year. Since the course will also include standards and requiremetns of our basic government class for 11th graders, students who elect this course will not be required to take the regular class. Students who elect to take AP Government must meet the following requirements:

1. 11th or 12th grade status with at least an 85% in Social Studies. (A student who is younger may take the course only if they meet the remaining requirements and determination by an authorized team of teachers and administration such as a GIEP team.)

2. Teacher Recommendation from a Social Studies Teacher.

3. Demonstrate Proficient or Advanced Writing Skills through: (a) PSSA Writing Scores or (b) present an acceptable two page sample of writing ability.

4. Complete a Summer Assignment: (a) Read the entire Constitution and (b) follow the news and be able to pass a quiz on the summer's main political stories.
 
 
ADVANCED PLACEMENT UNITED STATES HISTORY
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Seniors, minimum World Cultures and American Cultures grade averages in the "Good Range," a strong interest in history.

This advanced course allows for an in-depth study of American history from the colonial period to the end of World War II.  Politics, economics, religion, and social conditions are analyzed as interactive forces.  The course emphasizes critical thinking and analytical writing skills.  Students are required to read a variety of sources and write essays/papers.  The course is designed to preare students for college work and for the Advanced Placement Test.
 
 
AMERICAN CULTURES
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week

The 11th grade American Cultures course is a required study of the development of the present day American cultures system.  It includes a cursory review of pre-Civil War America and a more thorough study of the post-Civil War growth of this unique society.  Although each section of American Cultures uses the same social, political, and economic issues as its basic framework, individual instructors may vary in area of emphasis, time frames per unit of study and/or methods of learning.  All selections are designed to include materials from 1865 to present.
 
 
AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week

This course is designed to acquaint high school students with the governmental system under which they live.  Specifically, the course covers a foundation of the dynamics of the American system of government through growth, adaptation, and innovation.  It is a study of the role of citizenship, American foreign policy, major global events and the constitution.  Students will analyze the functions of the legislative branch, executive branch, and the judicial branch.  Comparative political and economic systems will be studied as well as the operation of state and local governments.  A study of United States government is heavily emphasized in the course.
 
 
ATP AMERICAN CULTURES
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week

The ATP American Cultures Course follows the same curriculum as the regular American Cultures Program.  Instruction provides a review of Pre-Civil War America and an in-depth study of the United States during the post-Civil War Period to the present.  The class will concentrate on historical events and people who are essential to the fabric of the American past.  Current events will be stressed and opportunities will be made available for involvement in field trips, projects, competitions, and seminars.
 
 
ATP GOVERNMENT
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week

The ATP Government course is an accelerated course which follows the same curriculum and expectations as the regular Government course and addresses the same graduation requirements but instruction provides greater depth and analysis.  Because the class is accelerated, students will be afforded the opportunity to participate in a variety of experiences including field trips, projects, competitions, and seminars.
 
 
ATP WORLD CULTURES
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week

The ATP World Cultures course is an accelerated course which follows the same curriculum and class expectations as the regular World Cultures Program.  Instruction provides greater depth and analysis.  Students will concentrate on the development of major cultures such as China, India, the Middle East, and Africa as relative to our own culture in the United States. European movements such as the Renaissance, Reformation, Imperialism, and Enlightenment will be examined for the influences these movements had upon the rest of the world. Because the class is accelerated, students will be afforded the opportunity to participate in a variety of experiences including field trips, projects, competitions, and seminars.
 
 
INTRO TO ECONOMICS
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week

Economics is the social science which investigates how people use their limited resources to satisfy their extensive wants.  This course in economics surveys the fundamentals of economics, microeconomics, macroeconomics, and world economic systems.  A partial list of specific topics, case studies, models and concepts for analysis includes:  supply, demand, graphing, money, credit, banking, national debt, stock market, employment, investing, saving, economics isms, inflation, business organizations, and labor unions.
 
 
MODERN ASIAN STUDIES
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week

This course seeks to understand Asia's significance in the 21st century by examining China, India, and Japan and their dynamic role in our world. Historical background information, current events, and multimedia sources will be used to generate analytical thought and to create a forum for insightful discussion. Students will have the opportunity to further examine Asian culture via field trips to local restaurants, theaters, and forums on the countries of study.
 
 
PSYCHOLOGY
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Juniors and Seniors only.

Psychology is a critical thinking course that studies the behavior of humans and animals as well as mental processes. This semester course uses a college level reading text and requires three written essays, including one research paper and one creative opinion essay. Since classroom participation is an important part of the evaluation process, good attendance and respectful attention to the viewpoints of others is absolutely essential. Topics explored include: how psychologists perform research; learning and conditioning; mental health issues; sensation and perception; and current issues, such as the effect of music, videos and other art forms on adolescent values and behavior. Classroom discussions may include controversial issues and will encourage students to defend, examine, and reassess widely held beliefs in the light of current psychological research.
 
 
SOCIOLOGY
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Juniors and Seniors only.

Sociology is a behavioral science that focuses on the study of human relationships.  The course will emphasize the exploration and appreciation for cultural diversity.  Students will highlight traditional American values in order to identify the principles of social control, social change, socialization, peer group pressure and the influence of heredity and environment.  Much of the course content deals with the challenges of adolescence in a complex dynamic society.
 
 
WORLD CULTURES
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week

World Cultures is a required course for sophomores.  This course provides an overview of history from Roman Age to modern times.  Students will explore the rise and fall of ancient empires and the political, economic, and social problems shaping history from the Middle Ages to post World War II.  Students will compare the various political systems including communism, socialism, totalitarianism, and democracy.  Emphasis is on establishing and improving basic skills of reading, note-taking, and writing.  Class participation and group work is very important.
 
 
WORLD GEOGRAPHY
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week

World Geography is a social science which investigates the relationship of man and his natural environment.  This particular study is broken into four distinct units:  tools of geography (globes, maps, diagrams, etc.), the physical makeup of the planet (land, water, and atmosphere), man's changes to this geographic environment, and the cultures related to each region.  
 
 
MODEL UNITED NATIONS 1
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week

This course will prepare students to participate in the Model United Nations conference hosted by universities across the globe.  The course will begin with an overview of the United Nations system, followed by lessons for preparations for Model U.N. participation.  Students will learn Internet research skills, parliamentary procedure, position paper and resolution writing.
 
 
MODEL UNITED NATIONS 2
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  "A" grade in Model United Nations 1

This course is run simultaneously with Model United Nations 1.  Model United Nations 2 students prepare for leadership positions in the Model United Nations organization.  They also assist in the teaching of the Model United Nations 1 students.
 
 
Business, Computers, and Information Technology
Successful completion of any of the (*) courses will satisfy the technology requirement for graduation.
COMPUTER IT ESSENTIALS/C-TECH NETWORKING
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week

This course combines Computer Essentials and C-Tech copper based and fiber optic cable construction. This class is open to all students in grades 9-12 with a sincere interesting in obtaining A+ Certification and Networking Technician Certificiation that is essential to the computer industry. The class combines a streamlined approach to computer repair and the introduction to the process of networking computers with copper/fiber optic cabling and wireless networking. The Computer Essentials portion will focus on computer operations, competent identification and troubleshooting (repair) of computers found in the work place from stand alone to large computer networks through hands-on and theory, using current textbooks. The C-Tech Cable Networking will concentrate on theory and hands on labs to help prepare students for the workplace as certified cable networking techniques necessary for the computer and electronic industry.
 
 
**COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN 1
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement: Pre-Algebra, Reading Level 6, or CAD Teacher Recommendation.

Computer Aided Design 1 (CAD-1) - The student will develop basic skills and concepts required of students who wish enter fields involving engineering and design. CAD 1 is an introductory course that introduces basic concepts and skills required for technical drawing, blueprint reading, and computer aided design. Students learn ANSI and ISO standards, engineering drawing fundamentals and the basics required to operate the AutoCAD208 software. These concepts are necessary so that students can produce and interpret technical drawings. Interpretation of sketches and drawing is critical to success of a student in this course.

Students will progress from simple paper sketches through working detailed drawings for either mechanical engineering or architectural applications. This course focuses on the concepts and operation of the computer hardware, software, and basic technical drawing. Students are required to be actively involved with reading, math, learning, and applying the concepts necessary to complete assignments and assessments.

**Successful completion of this course qualifies for three college credits under the 2+2+2 Agile Robotics Tech Prep agreement with California University of Pennsylvania. A final average of 80% in this course is required to qualify. This course will require advanced levels of work and dedication. See complete details under Engineering Technology.
 
 
**COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN 2
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement: Computer Aided Design 1 or Equivalent/CAD Teacher Recommendation.

Computer Aided Design 2 (CADD) - This course is an intermediate level course a student would take in progressing towards a career in engineering/design or CAD. The student will create detailed drawings that include: advanced dimensioning, geometric dimensioning and tolerances (GD&T), 3d surface development modeling and rendering utilizing AutoCAD2008. Autodesk Inventor 12 will be used to introduce students to 3D parametric solid modeling. Autodesk Design Academy software and curriculum will guide the students through the basics of parametric solid modeling. Students in this course participate in the Adventures in Technology design challenge.

**Successful completion of this course qualifies for three college credits under the 2+2+2 Agile Robotics Tech Prep agreement with California University of Pennsylvania. A final average of 80% in this course is required to qualify. This course will require advanced levels of work and dedication. See complete details under Engineering Technology.
 
 
COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week

This course introduces key hardware and operating system functions and how they work with the software to run efficiently. The students will also learn about file management and networking. The students will be introduced to topics such as living and working online. All students completing this course will learn the proper way to purchase, upgrade, and troubleshoot computers. Students completing this course will be eligible to take the IC3 Certification exam.
 
 
INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS
one semester
1/2 credit
5 periods/week

This one semester course will introduce students to the role of business in the lives of individuals, consumers, workers, and citizens. The student will cover business operations, small business fundamentals, marketing, career planning, social responsibility, and ethics. The course will be very helpful in helping the student decide if business is the correct path for them.
 
 
MICROSOFT OFFICE APPLICATIONS
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week

This course will focus on more advanced computer operations, skills, and the use of Microsoft Office. Students will learn how to use the following Microsoft applications: Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Publisher, and the Internet using Microsoft Internet Explorer. The assignments for this course will be self-paced for individualized learning.
 
 
PERSONAL AND BUSINESS FINANCE
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week

In today's highly technical and competitive society, students need to learn the skills necessary to manage their personal finances; the proficiency becomes crucial as students leave high school and begin to establish lives of their own. This course will empower students to make educated financial choices.
 
 
ACCOUNTING 1
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week

This course emphasizes basic principles, concepts and procedures of accounting that every student must understand if he/she expects to have a maximum opportunity when he/she enters the world of business, furthers his/her education or uses accounting for his/her personal use. The Accounting 1 program incorporates both the traditional methodology of accounting with current applications of computer technology.
 
 
BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week

This course will prepare students to successfully communicate in today's workplace. Comprehensive coverage of workplace communication skills includes reading, writing, speaking, listening, problem solving, and interpersonal skills. Topics to include: communicating with your team; students will look at teams and the workplace, team goals and conflicts; the technology of communication, students will explore ethics and the Internet, telephone communication and telecommuting; reading for information, students will learn reading on the job, managing information, and reading tables, graphs and charts. Resolving problems and conflicts, personal effectiveness, communication and diversity will also be covered in this course.
 
 
DIGITAL MULTIMEDIA I
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite: Any entry level computer course.

This course will introduce students to experience new and innovative technology that is currently being used in the corporate world to enhance the production, communication, and marketing of businesses. The students will learn how to create, modify, and submit digital images using painting and editing tools. They will also create original artwork, manipulate color images and retouch photographs as well as manipulating digital images designed for print and Internet distribution.
 
 
DIGITAL MULTIMEDIA II
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite: Digital Multimedia I

This course will build upon the principal of Digital Multimedia I by having students complete real-life projects throughout the school and community. These projects include but are not limited to: promotion of school activities and events, creation of projects for the athletic department, musicals, extra-curricular activities, and the community.
 
 
BUSINESS LAW
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week

Students will gain an understanding of the law as it relates to them currently and the implications of the law in their future lives as well as the lives of their family and friends. They will also work to gain an understanding of basic legal vocabulary. the course will include an understanding of the court system at the local, state, and national level. Students will gain an understanding of contract law, their rights and responsibilities as citizens, utilizations of financial transactions, employment and agency relationships, and the understanding of the regulations governing different types of business organizations. This class will also include a nine week section of ethics.
 
 
Trade and Technical Programs
The McKeesport Area Technology Center affords students the opportunity to develop skills in one of the technical fields and prepares them to enter a multitude of career areas. The technology programs may be selected for tenth grade, thus affording students the opportunity to develop skills over a three year period and the opportunity to schedule rigorous academics.

Due to the safety and the high skill level of the technical programs, a "drop/add" must be done in the first two weeks of school. Therefore, students are not permitted to enter a new shop at semester break, unless they have had accredited training in that area.
 
ALLIED HEALTH TECHNOLOGY 1, 2, 3, & 4
3 credits
15 periods/week

Length of Course:  This is a three year technical course beginning in grade 10 and available to all students.  This is a Tech Prep Program - requiring two years of postsecondary education.

This course may be utilized as a three credit elective for those pursuing careers in the medical field.  This course is also recommended for those who wish to pursue a career in nursing.  This course is a cluster approach addressing the variety of specialized technical health-related careers.  The initial phase of curriculum provides students with the knowledge and skills to work as a homecare/personal care assistant. Students in the second through fourth levels receive clinical as well as community service experience. The remainder of the program has been designed to acquaint students with a variety of allied health careers.  This course provides students with skill development in health occupations, so that they make informed career decisions prior to enrolling in a post secondary program.  Clinical settings include long-term and Pesonal Care Facilities Program. Students also receive acute care exposure through the UPMC Health Awareness Apprenticeship. Allied Health Technologists may find work as Sonographers, Medical Assistants, Medical Lab Technicians, Nuclear Medicine Technicians, Occupational Therapy Assistants, Pharmacy Technicians, Physical Therapy Assistants, Radiation Therapy Technologist, Radiology Technicians, Respiratory Therapists, and Surgical Technicians.

Recommended Entrance Requirements:  The student must understand basic math and science concepts, be able to communicate verbally and in writing, and be in good health.  Students are required to wear a designated uniform and specified white duty shoes.

Shop Safety:  Correct and safe practices will be enforced.

Employment opportunities are available in the following areas: hospitals, laboratories, research centers, medical clinics, public health agencies, nursing homes, pharmacies, physician's offices, and rehabilitation centers.
 
 
AUTO BODY TECHNOLOGY 1, 2, 3, & 4
3 credits
15 periods/week

Length of Course:  This is a three year technical course beginning in grade 10 and available to all students.

At McKeesport Area Tech Center, you can prepare for a profitable career in automotive collision repair. Our program instructs students in the latest techniques and practices within the industry. Students study all phases of auto collision repair. Their skills are put to the test when working on school owned and actual customer vehicles. Students also learn to estimate cost of repair and how to manage an auto body shop.

Recommended entrance requirements: Interested students should possess manual dexterity, mechanical thinking skills, physical strength and stamina, the ability to pay attention to detail and complete projects accurately.

As a student, you will learn: surface preparation, painting, panel patching and shaping, surface damage repair, frame straightening, alignment procedures, glass installation, cost estimating, auto detailing, and mig welding.

Other course offerings: professional development/work ethic, job seeking techniques, NOCTI Skills testing, cooperative education, ASE Certification in painting and refinishing.

Career direction: Graduates of the Auto Body program are preapred for entry-level employment or may choose to further their employability with post graduate training.

Shop Safety:  Correct and safe practices will be enforced at all times.  All students will be required to have proper work shoes, clothes, and eye protection.
 
 
AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGY 1, 2, 3, & 4
3 credits
15 periods/week

Length of Course:  This is a three year technical course beginning in grade 10 and available to all students.  This is a Tech Prep course - students may continue on to two years of postsecondary education.

The Automotive Technology course provides the student with practical instruction in the diagnosis, repair, and adjustment of the automobile in 4 ASE areas.  The students will be given the opportunity to apply their knowledge in the repair of automobiles. The instructions cover the complete range of work on: electrical and electronic systems - diagnosis and repair; brakes - theory and diagnosis of ABS related problems; suspension and steering - diagnosis and repair of drive train, front axle, front wheel drive suspension systems, front-end alignments, steering mechanisms; engine performance - diagnosis and repair, including fuel injection, electronic and standard ignition systems, all computer control circuits, troubleshooting, motor tune-up, emission controls.

Recommended Entrance Requirements:  The student should have mathematics and mechanical aptitude and the understanding of basic mechanical principals, dexterity with tools, a physical ability to handle automotive equipment, and an ability to meet and talk with the general public.

Shop Safety:  Correct and safe practices will be enforced always.  All students will be required to have proper work shoes, clothes, and eye protection.

Employment opportunities are available in the following areas: automotive service stations, parts and accessory establishments, car dealerships (new and used), specialty repair shops, corporations, heavy eqeuipment repair, trucking industry, small engine repair, and marine tech.
 
 
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY 1, 2, 3, & 4
3 credits
15 periods/week

Length of Course:  This is a three year technical course beginning in grade 10 and available to all students.

Instruction is provided in basic entry level skills of carpentry, masonry, plumbing, steel framing, heating, electrical, painting and decorating, and a variety of activities associated with building construction. These include, but are not limited to cost estimating, cutting, fitting, fastening, and finishing various materials, the use of a variety of hand tools, blueprint reading and following technical specifications. Students in this class participate in building a modular home on-site. Upon completion of this program, students are eligible to apply for the Building Trades Apprenticeship Program. This course may be considered as an elective for those interested in architecture, engineering, and design.

Recommended Entrance Requirements:  The students should have some mechanical aptitude, an understanding of basic mechanical principles, dexterity with tools, a physical ability to handle construction equipment, and an ability to meet and talk with the general public. Students must purchase leather boots and have appropriate work clothes.

Shop Safety:  Correct and safe practices will be enforced at all times.  All students will be required to have proper work shoes, clothes, and eye protection.

Employment opportunities are available in the following areas: schools, apartment house establishments, housing developments, hardware stores, factories/corporations/PA Carpenter's Union, hospitals, colleges and universities, general construction, equipment sales firms, lumber yard companies, entrepreneurship.
 
 
CHILD CARE 1, 2, 3, & 4
3 credits
15 periods/week

Length of Course:  This is a three year technical course beginning in grade 10 and available to all students.

This course is designed to prepare students for a career working with children at various levels and interests.  Theory studies focus on basic child development and parenting skills.  Learning experiences also include instruction in the areas of child health and nutrition, infant-toddler care, preschool, school-age care, special needs children, and child care administration.  Practical experience is provided both on and off site. Students will also be given the opportunity to visit other facilities that care for children in various capacities. Eligible students may benefit through a collaboration with CCAC by earning six college credits if a career in early childhood education is pursued. Students will work towards the CDA (Child Development Associate) credential.

Recommended Entrance Requirements:  Students choosing child care should be in good health and well groomed.  Students must be mature, responsible, practice patience, and have a serious interest in working with children of all ages.

It is strongly recommended that students enroll in the child development courses offered through the Family and Consumer Sciences department before graduation.

Shop Safety:  Correct and safe practices will be enforced.  Students will be required to wear smocks and practice safety standards as set forth by the Department of Public Welfare.

Employment opportnities are available in the following areas: day care aide, preschool techer, elementary teacher, Head Start techer, nanny, parent educator, licensing specialist, recreation director, toy designer/sales, children's clothing/furniture, designer/sales, author children's book, foster parent, art instructor, school supply sales, babysitter.
 
 
COMPUTER SERVICE TECHNOLOGY 1, 2, 3, & 4
3 credits
15 periods/week

Length of Course:  This is a three year technical course beginning in grade 10 and available to all students.

This program will help prepare students for further two or four year education programs, the military, or entry level employment in the electronics repair industry, with a concentration on computer service repair.  The curriculum is competency based, and includes lectures, student task sheets, the use of LAB-VOLT electronic trainers, kit construction with emphasis on soldering techniques, meters, Oscilloscopes, hand tools, and electronic troubleshooting procedures in the repair of electronic device including TVs, Stereos, VCRs, Radios, Computers, cell phone technology and satellite TV technology.

Recommended Entrance Requirements:  Students must have a sincere interest in pursuing a career in the electronics/computer servicing industry, good manual dexterity, strong mechanical reasoning ability, good reading and verbal skills, and an understanding of math and physics concepts. Many electronic devices use color codes for proper identification. The ability to distinguish colors is vital.

Shop Safety:  Correct and safe practices will be enforced at all times.  All students will be required to have proper work shoes, clothes, and eye protection.

Employment opportunities are available in the following areas: military, schools, colleges and universities, appliance repair shops, electric contractors, telecommunication companies, utility, home, and electric, cable companies, industries, automatic teller machine repairs, hospitals, electronic repair shops, computer installation, electronic parts and equipment stores, electronic consulting firms, contract electric repair companies.
 
 
COSMETOLOGY TECHNOLOGY 1, 2, 3, & 4
3 credits
15 periods/week

Length of Course:  This is a three year technical course beginning in grade 10 and available to all students.  The manicurist license of 200 hours and cosmetician license of 300 hours are available to students who enroll in their senior year.  This course provides basic information for the student manicurist, cosmetician and cosmetologist to be eligible for PA State cosmetology license. Students can obtain a license as an operator upon completion of 1250 hours and passing the required exam for licensure. A manicurist license may be obtained after completion of 200 hours and passing the required exam. A cosmetician license may be obtained after completion of 300 hours and passing the required exam.

After graduation from a vocational technical school and holding a current PA cosmetology license, you can receive up to 30 credits towards an Associate of Science Degree in Cosmetology Management at CCAC. Students learn both classroom and practical experience. They deal with a variety of services related to the care of the hair, skin, and nails. Instruction includes training in giving shampoos, rinses, scalp treatments, cutting and styling hair by wet sets, press and curl, or by using thermal appliances. Permanent waving, curl reduction, tinting, bleaching, facials, skin care, hair removal, and manicuring are also taught. Theory studies include bacteriology, anatomy, hygiene, and sanitation. Students learn state laws, salesmanship, how to maintain records, trade mathematics, ethics, and public relations as they pertain to the study of beauty culture. Practical experience is provided by having a weekly clinic where patrons come for services. State board training, which prepares the student for examination in both theory and practical portions of their state bord tests for licensure, is taught during the last semester of the senior year. Upon completion of necessary hours and obtaining a temporary work permit, students may participate in a clinical experience program in area salons. Students who do not obtain the required hours may attend as tuition-paying students, after graduation, to complete licensure requirements or to obtain hours required for a teacher's license.

Recommended Entrance Requirements:  Students choosing cosmetology should be well groomed, have a sense of form and artistry, and a willingness to follow instructions.  An above average degree of manual dexterity is also recommended.  Each student must have a social security number to keep a record of the hours acquired. Students are required to wear uniforms, specified shoes, and purchase a kit of cosmetology equipment to work with. The purchase of a mannequin and workbooks is also suggested.

Shop Safety:  To abide by the rules and regulations of the State Board of Cosmetology, all sanitation and safety precautions are taught and followed.

Employment opportunities are available in the following areas: salon stylist, skin care salons, beauty supply sale firms, beauty laboratories, theater, massage therapy, cosmetic chemist, wig or extension specialist, manicuring salons, television studios, nail technician, beauty publications, day spa stylist, or tech., State of PA State examiner/inspector, fashion design establishments, public school teacher, private school owner/teacher, salon owner, make-up consultant.
 
 
CULINARY ARTS 1, 2, 3, & 4
3 credits
15 periods/week

Length of Course:  This is a three year technical course beginning in grade 10 and available to all students.

This course instructs students in the skills necessary to continue their education in a chef apprentice program in partnership with post secondary colleges. This class preapres students in all facets of employment related to institutional and commercial food services. Specialized learning experiences include: prep work, pantry, baking, grill, line work, and grande manager. Theory is offered in safety, sanitation, utensils, equipment usage, and food science. Training is provided to persons desiring to become employed in all entry level areas of the food service industry. Additional experiences may include job shadowing, event catering, evening and weekend work experiences.

Recommended Entrance Requirements:  The student should have good general health, a mature attitude, and an interest in preparing and serving food.  Basic people skills are required and a desire to work with the public is essential. The student should have strong basic math skills and communication skills.

Dress Requirements:  Uniforms and rubber-soled shoes are necessary for this shop. Uniforms will be ordered through the school and paid for by the parents.

Shop Safety: Correct safety and sanitary practices are enforced. The Pennsylvania Department of Health and United States Food Service Department requires students to wear uniforms, hair nets or cooks hats and proper work shoes (rubber sole) when in the commercial kitchen. No open shoes and gloves must be worn when handling food. (Excessive jewelry, artificial nails, nail polish, and excessively baggy clothes are not permitted in commercial food service establishments.)

Employment opportunities are available in the following: restaurants, resorts, hospitals and institutions, commissaries, retirement and convalescent homes, hotels, country clubs, cruise lines, grocery stores (gourmet sections), cafeterias, industrial plants, retail food shops, wholesale food companies, fast food establishments, caterers, special food service companies associated with airlines and transportation.
 
 
**ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY 1
full year
3 credits
15 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Meet Tech Prep / 2+2+2 Qualifications listed below, Computer Aided Design 1/Teacher Recommendation. Class size is limited.

Engineering Technology is a two year Tech-Prep program offered as part of an articulation between MAHS and Community College of Allegheny County.  This course also qualifies for college credit through the California University of Pa Applied Robotics Technology 2+2+2 option. Engineering Technology is open to students entering their junior year who qualify by meeting established requirements and who successfully complete the selection process. Entrance into this program is competitive and enrollment is limited. Engineering Technology 1 is centered on the basic concepts related to engineering and design. Hands-on, minds-on learning will occur in the areas of electricity, manufacturing/production concepts, computer programming and applications, problem solving, aerodynamics, design and structures. Essential requirements for the workplace such as health and safety, industry standards, specifications, and readiness skills will be covered. This course is the first step in a four year program that could lead to an associate degree as an engineering technician, or full Bachelor's degree in engineering. This is an excellent way to gain entrance to a top ranked university while studying for an excellent career. Robotics is the key organizer for this course.

FIRST Robotics is a featured part of this curriculum and participation in TEAM 1708 is required.

**Successful completion of this course qualifies for three college credits under the 2+2+2 Agile Robotics Tech Prep agreement with California University of Pennsylvania. A final average of 80% in this course is required to qualify. This course will require advanced levels of work and dedication.
 
 
**ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY 2
full year
2 credits
10 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Successful completion of Engineering Technology 1 and Teacher Recommendation.

Engineering Technology 2 builds on concepts taught in Engineering Technology 1. Hands-on, minds-on, learning will occur in the areas of safety, robotics, structures, Computer Automated Machining (CAM), electrical concepts, 3D solid modeling, problem solving, aerodynamics and materials. Partnerships with industry provide the opportunity for "real-life" situations and experiences outside the classroom. Essential requirements for the workplace such as health and safety, standards, specifications, and job readiness skills will be covered. Computer numerical control machines and C-programming language related to automation will be featured. Robotics is the key organizer for this course.

FIRST Robotics is a featured part of this curriculum and participation in TEAM 1708 is required.

**Successful completion of this course qualifies for three college credits under the 2+2+2 Agile Robotics Tech Prep agreement with California University of Pennsylvania. A final average of 80% in this course is required to qualify. This course will require advanced levels of work and dedication.

Tech-Prep Requirements:
To qualify, a student must have earned a 70% grade point average or above in the following subjects: MATH - Algebra 1; SCIENCE - Physical Science or Biology 1 or Applied Biology; TECHNOLOGY - Computer Fundamentals or CADD; ENGLISH - two full credits.

2+2+2 Agile Robotics Option
In order to receive these credits and have them posted on the college transcript; the student must apply and be admitted to California University and they must successfully complete a three credit University level course at California University with a grade of C or better within two years of completing the program at the McKeesport Area Tehcnology Center. During the application process, McKeesport students must submitt their California University admission application complete with all required components: (1) a recommendation from the McKeesport Area Technology Center Engineering teacher, (2) a signed letter of intent.
McKeesport Area Technology Center
California University of Pennsylvania
Engineering Technology Program
Industrial Technology AS Degree
Entry CAD 1 (Sketching, Blueprint Reading & Intro to CAD) 1 cr. ITE115 Interpreting and Sketching of Technical Drawings 3 cr.
Int. CAD 2 (CAD 2 and 3D Solid Modeling) 1 cr. ITE215 Computer Aided Drafting 1 3 cr.
Int. Engineering Technology 1 3 cr. MET110 Agile Robotics 3 cr.
Adv. Engineering Technology 2 3 cr. MET160 Applying Operating Principles of Robotics 3 cr.
Adv. College Algebra   0355 College Algebra 3 cr.
  High School Technical Core 9 cr.   Professional Technical Core 15 cr.

 
GRAPHICS/COMMERICAL ART 1, 2, 3, & 4
3 credits
15 periods/week

Length of Course:  This is a three year technical course beginning in grade 10 and available to all students.

This course provides basic information and skills geared towards a career in art. The following jobs are introduced: graphic design, advertising, illustration, digital photography, sign making and printing. Instruction includes: researching, planning, creative thinking, sketching, drawing, layout and design, problem solving, manipulating photographs, printing, finishing and computer design. Assignments students will create are: logos, illustrations, flyers, T-shirt designs, business cards, brochures, signs, posters, greeting advertising cards, and photographs. Students will also be operating the latest high tech equipment - computers, scanners, digital cameras, printers, and poster-making equipment.

Recommended Entrance Requirements:  MUST TAKE BASIC ART. It would be beneficial to the students to have artistic abilities.  The student must be motivated to perform with a high degree of proficiency and patience.  Technical math and the ability to follow written and verbal instructions is necessary.  Courses in typing and basic computer usage are recommended.  Purchase of a supply kit is also recommended.

Shop Safety:  Correct and safe practices will be enforced at all times.

Employment opportunities are available in the following: graphics firms, corporate in-house, graphics departments, advertising agencies, sign companies, freelance business, newspaper publishers, book publishers, schools and colleges, television and radio stations, art galleries, municipal planning office, interior decorating firms, photography studios, magazine publishers, supply and equipment manufacturers and distributors.
COOPERATIVE EDUCATION PROGRAM
The Co-op program offers three credits to technical students where they "cap off" their technical training with a related paid work experience at a school-approved business. Students complete their academic classes in the morning then travel to the work site. The student must adhere to all company policies and perform their duties in a loyal manner. Periodic evaluations of job progress are made by an experienced supervisor who mentors the student to give them an understanding of job skills and responsibilities. Many of these positions lead to full time employment after graduation. The students must also attend regular classes where additional occupational training is provided by the coordinator.
 
DIVERSIFIED OCCUPATIONS
The diversified occupation program is a work-based learning program that is designed for 11th and 12th grade students to provide training in career areas not offered at MASD and serve students who are considered at-risk because of financial, domestic, and/or academic problems. Students may earn 1-1/2 credits per semester. They must adhere to all company policies. Students must attend regular classes where addtiionial occupational training is provided by the coordinator.
 
 
World Language
FRENCH I, GERMAN I, SPANISH I
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Basic knowledge of English grammar and syntax.

The first year class will be an introduction to the target language including regular oral and written practice in forming simple sentences and using vocabulary referring to topics such as sports, school, shopping, weather, food, etc.  The students will have frequent practice listening, speaking, reading, and writing in the world language, and throughout the year will be tested on their proficiency in those areas.  Cultural, geographical, and historical information will be integral parts of the world language program.
 
 
FRENCH II, GERMAN II, SPANISH II
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  70% grade point average or above in Level I and Teacher Recommendation.

After a review of skills acquired in the first year, the students will listen, speak, read, and write with continued emphasis on vocabulary, syntax, and additional verb tenses.  Oral and written skills will be emphasized.  Culture, geography, and history of the world language will continue to be integral parts of the world language program.
 
 
FRENCH III, GERMAN III, SPANISH III
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement: 70% grade point average or above in Level II and Teacher Recommendation.

Communicative skills will be continued with emphasis on vocabulary, syntax, and additional verb tenses.  Comprehension, accuracy and fluency are stressed at this level and are relative to the national and PA proposed state standards for world language learning.  Knowledge of an understanding of other cultures are integrated in the world language program.
 
 
FRENCH IV, GERMAN IV, SPANISH IV
full year
1 credit
5 periods/week
Prerequisite Requirement:  Teacher Recommendation.

As an Honors Level IV class, this course is based on communication.  Previously learned skills from earlier levels of the language should be applied.  Students are expected to use the world language daily, demonstrating oral and written communicative skills.  World cultures including their lifestyles, history, traditions, and literature are the basis of many activities.  Students will be required to express their own thoughts, opinions and daily routines frequently to achieve a low-intermediate level of the spoken language.  Communications is the emphasis as set forth in Goal One of the national standards and proposed state standards for World Languages.